He graduated in medicine in Prague, served as a doctor on the Eastern front in Russia, and then opened a practice in Strakonice.
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dagmar simova
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This is how he started, and gradually he worked his way up to his own vegetable wholesale business. But when he wanted to get married, he wanted to marry a Czech woman, so he once again bought himself a boat ticket, returned to Dobriv, married my grandmother and opened up a shop there. In his shop he then sold absolutely everything.
Alexander Paskov
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My grandfather on my mother's side, Moisei Beniaminovich Levitin, was born
in 1865 in the city of Pogar, in the Bryansk region. He finished Hebrew
school and was an Orthodox Jew. His native tongue was Yiddish. He lived
with his wife and children in the village of Starodub, formerly of the
province of Chernigovski (now the Oryol region). He was a minor trader and
handicraftsman. He made honey, wine, and artificial fish fat and other
lubricants, which he then sold at a stall in his town's market. His wife,
Sosya Shaevna, was a housewife.
in 1865 in the city of Pogar, in the Bryansk region. He finished Hebrew
school and was an Orthodox Jew. His native tongue was Yiddish. He lived
with his wife and children in the village of Starodub, formerly of the
province of Chernigovski (now the Oryol region). He was a minor trader and
handicraftsman. He made honey, wine, and artificial fish fat and other
lubricants, which he then sold at a stall in his town's market. His wife,
Sosya Shaevna, was a housewife.
Grandfather died at age 70 in 1935. I was visiting Starodub at
that time. I was only four years old and therefore wasn't brought to the
cemetery. I remember, however, that Grandfather was buried according to
Jewish tradition. I watched everything from the high roof of the house.
that time. I was only four years old and therefore wasn't brought to the
cemetery. I remember, however, that Grandfather was buried according to
Jewish tradition. I watched everything from the high roof of the house.
Grandfather
finished Hebrew school and was a true believer, following Jewish tradition,
going to synagogue. He was a member of the Jewish community. He circumcised
his sons, but wasn't Orthodox.
finished Hebrew school and was a true believer, following Jewish tradition,
going to synagogue. He was a member of the Jewish community. He circumcised
his sons, but wasn't Orthodox.
Grandfather Yankel was a carpenter by profession, but he also knew
"turnery"-making objects on a lathe. First he worked in the railroad
workshops, then alone in his carpentry workshop. Sometimes he would take on
an apprentice. He taught carpentry to his sons. In 1919 he was an
instructor at the trade union school. He knew carpentry and turnery well,
and had 30 years of practical experience. From 1920 to 1922 he worked on
the construction site of a drying factory and power station.
"turnery"-making objects on a lathe. First he worked in the railroad
workshops, then alone in his carpentry workshop. Sometimes he would take on
an apprentice. He taught carpentry to his sons. In 1919 he was an
instructor at the trade union school. He knew carpentry and turnery well,
and had 30 years of practical experience. From 1920 to 1922 he worked on
the construction site of a drying factory and power station.
His wife Sarah ran the household and raised the children. I was named
Alexander after Grandmother Sarah. She was Orthodox. Their native language
was Yiddish. They both died during the Holocaust, shot by Germans, along
with their son Samuel's and their daughter Hannah's families, in the ghetto-
camp in Belovshina.
Alexander after Grandmother Sarah. She was Orthodox. Their native language
was Yiddish. They both died during the Holocaust, shot by Germans, along
with their son Samuel's and their daughter Hannah's families, in the ghetto-
camp in Belovshina.
From 1949 to 1954, I studied at the architectural faculty of the Leningrad
Institute of Engineers and Builders. After graduating from institute, from
1955 to 1992 when I retired, I worked as an architect at Giprolestrans, the
state institute of timber transport and forestry, working my way up from
common engineer to leading expert. I took part in the design of a great
number of projects in our country: Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Petrozavodsk, Baikal-
Amur Magistral; and abroad, in Laos, Vietnam, Mongolia and Cuba.
Institute of Engineers and Builders. After graduating from institute, from
1955 to 1992 when I retired, I worked as an architect at Giprolestrans, the
state institute of timber transport and forestry, working my way up from
common engineer to leading expert. I took part in the design of a great
number of projects in our country: Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk, Petrozavodsk, Baikal-
Amur Magistral; and abroad, in Laos, Vietnam, Mongolia and Cuba.
The fate of my father's older brother and sister was quite different. The
oldest brother, Samuel, was a carpenter like his father, and worked at the
Detkomissi workshop. The oldest sister, Hannah, married a salesman, Efim
Blumkin, who became the head of a food store. The youngest sister, Haya,
suffered from epilepsy and was unable to work.
When the war began, none of them evacuated. At the end of the war Father
sent requests for information on their fate, both to official
organizations, such as the Starodub city council, and to acquaintances,
including my father's math teacher, Mikhail Kibalchich. From the answers to
these questions it became clear that all our relatives had been killed.
Kibalchich wrote the most in-depth explanation of their fates, in a letter
dated November 25th, 1943. Samuel's daughter Mina was killed by a bomb on
the third day after the Germans' arrival in Starodub. After 10 days, Samuel
Yankelevich, his wife Rahil Davidovna, their son Dodik, and my father's
parents-like all the Jews in Starodub-were sent to a ghetto camp set up in
Belovshin on a former collective farm. Each Jew was allowed to take as many
of their personal possessions as they could carry at one time, and the rest
was confiscated. Three days after arrival, all the men were shot. The women
and children were kept in the camp until Spring. They lived there in
cramped quarters, in the cold, and with little food. In March, 1942, the
Germans shot everyone who was left.
oldest brother, Samuel, was a carpenter like his father, and worked at the
Detkomissi workshop. The oldest sister, Hannah, married a salesman, Efim
Blumkin, who became the head of a food store. The youngest sister, Haya,
suffered from epilepsy and was unable to work.
When the war began, none of them evacuated. At the end of the war Father
sent requests for information on their fate, both to official
organizations, such as the Starodub city council, and to acquaintances,
including my father's math teacher, Mikhail Kibalchich. From the answers to
these questions it became clear that all our relatives had been killed.
Kibalchich wrote the most in-depth explanation of their fates, in a letter
dated November 25th, 1943. Samuel's daughter Mina was killed by a bomb on
the third day after the Germans' arrival in Starodub. After 10 days, Samuel
Yankelevich, his wife Rahil Davidovna, their son Dodik, and my father's
parents-like all the Jews in Starodub-were sent to a ghetto camp set up in
Belovshin on a former collective farm. Each Jew was allowed to take as many
of their personal possessions as they could carry at one time, and the rest
was confiscated. Three days after arrival, all the men were shot. The women
and children were kept in the camp until Spring. They lived there in
cramped quarters, in the cold, and with little food. In March, 1942, the
Germans shot everyone who was left.
I met my wife, Galina Zotova, at work; we worked at the same institute. We
were married in 1959, and our daughter, Anna, was born on June 8th, 1960.
My wife then quit her job and both brought up our daughter and took care of
the household. My wife is ethnically Russian. She was born in Leningrad on
October 9th, 1930. Her parents were from Arkhangelsk. Her father, Dimitri
Moiseevich Zotov, was a salesman. Galina graduated from secondary school in
Volhova, where her family lived at that time. She began to work at the
Leningrad Institute Giprolestrans in 1953, and in 1958 she graduated from
the Leningrad branch of the All-Union Correspondence Builders' Institute as
a hydrolic engineer. She majored in water supply and sewer systems, and
worked at this until our daughter was born.
were married in 1959, and our daughter, Anna, was born on June 8th, 1960.
My wife then quit her job and both brought up our daughter and took care of
the household. My wife is ethnically Russian. She was born in Leningrad on
October 9th, 1930. Her parents were from Arkhangelsk. Her father, Dimitri
Moiseevich Zotov, was a salesman. Galina graduated from secondary school in
Volhova, where her family lived at that time. She began to work at the
Leningrad Institute Giprolestrans in 1953, and in 1958 she graduated from
the Leningrad branch of the All-Union Correspondence Builders' Institute as
a hydrolic engineer. She majored in water supply and sewer systems, and
worked at this until our daughter was born.
My daughter Anna obtained her diploma in power engineering at the Leningrad
Shipbuilders' Institute. Today she works as a programmer.
Shipbuilders' Institute. Today she works as a programmer.
Grandfather Yankel often corresponded with my father, writing cards in
Yiddish. My father received the last two cards from my grandfather on the
3rd and 4th of August, 1941, in Leningrad. He got no further information
about the fate of his parents and other relatives. When Starodub was
liberated from German occupation, he learned of their deaths. Sixteen
members of the Paskov-Levitin died in the Holocaust.
Yiddish. My father received the last two cards from my grandfather on the
3rd and 4th of August, 1941, in Leningrad. He got no further information
about the fate of his parents and other relatives. When Starodub was
liberated from German occupation, he learned of their deaths. Sixteen
members of the Paskov-Levitin died in the Holocaust.
Many Jews lived in Starodub; it had a synagogue. I visited several times
when I was a child, in the summers between 1935 and 1941. In the center of
the city was "Red Square," a large marketplace. People traveled by horse,
so there were tethering posts around the square. On the edge of the square
stood a small one-floor building, like a barn. My grandfather Yankel Paskov
lived inside. In this building were two little rooms with very low
ceilings. The entrance to his lodgings was through the carpentry workshop,
in which his tools hung and his workbench stood. And at the end of a yard
was a cart.
The closest railroad station was called Unecha. We traveled there by horse.
In the city was a narrow gauge railroad, used to transport timber, and also
railroad workshops.
when I was a child, in the summers between 1935 and 1941. In the center of
the city was "Red Square," a large marketplace. People traveled by horse,
so there were tethering posts around the square. On the edge of the square
stood a small one-floor building, like a barn. My grandfather Yankel Paskov
lived inside. In this building were two little rooms with very low
ceilings. The entrance to his lodgings was through the carpentry workshop,
in which his tools hung and his workbench stood. And at the end of a yard
was a cart.
The closest railroad station was called Unecha. We traveled there by horse.
In the city was a narrow gauge railroad, used to transport timber, and also
railroad workshops.
During the war the city was occupied by Germans. All the Jews were
destroyed by the beginning of 1942, although it was said that some were
able to escape into the woods, even from the ghetto-camp. During the German
retreat the city was greatly damaged: according to a witness, my father's
math teacher Mikhail Kibalchich, 250 houses were burned, including those of
my relatives. After the war the city was rebuilt, but today there is no
railroad in Starodub. It is a "Chernobyl zone," forgotten by God and man.
It will probably not become a destination for pilgrimages. Still, one hopes
that the memory of the ancestors will be kept alive.
destroyed by the beginning of 1942, although it was said that some were
able to escape into the woods, even from the ghetto-camp. During the German
retreat the city was greatly damaged: according to a witness, my father's
math teacher Mikhail Kibalchich, 250 houses were burned, including those of
my relatives. After the war the city was rebuilt, but today there is no
railroad in Starodub. It is a "Chernobyl zone," forgotten by God and man.
It will probably not become a destination for pilgrimages. Still, one hopes
that the memory of the ancestors will be kept alive.
My father, Moisei (Moisei-Girsh) Yankelevich Paskov, was born on February
19th, 1906, during the pogroms. Father first studied at Hebrew school, then
at a Jewish academy. From 1917 to 1924 he studied at the school of Soviet
workers, in the former Starodub Gymnasium. He studied carpentry with his
father and combined schoolwork with a summer job. He worked on the
construction of an electric station and a drying factory for the regional
timber committee.
19th, 1906, during the pogroms. Father first studied at Hebrew school, then
at a Jewish academy. From 1917 to 1924 he studied at the school of Soviet
workers, in the former Starodub Gymnasium. He studied carpentry with his
father and combined schoolwork with a summer job. He worked on the
construction of an electric station and a drying factory for the regional
timber committee.
In 1930, Father finished technical college and started to work as the head
technician at Tekstilstroi, which, by then, had been merged with Gipromez
(Black Metallurgy) and renamed Stalproekt. From that time until his
retirement in 1966, my father worked at that institute. He took part in the
creation of the most important centers for black metallurgy in the USSR:
Magnitogorsk, Krivoi Rog, Mariupol.
technician at Tekstilstroi, which, by then, had been merged with Gipromez
(Black Metallurgy) and renamed Stalproekt. From that time until his
retirement in 1966, my father worked at that institute. He took part in the
creation of the most important centers for black metallurgy in the USSR:
Magnitogorsk, Krivoi Rog, Mariupol.
In 1927 she graduated from the Mordvinovski agricultural school, having
specialized in agricultural techniques. She had dreamed of becoming an
agronomist, working with crops, but in 1926 the school changed its
specialty to animal husbandry. After graduating, Mama worked at various
livestock farms as a laboratory assistant for milk and milk product
analysis: in Peterhof, Pella, Starodub, and at the Leningrad milk testing
station. This work didn't make her happy, but finding work as an agronomist
with her zoo-technology degree was not possible in Leningrad.
In 1929 she began working as an assistant to the agronomist of the Kustov
collective farms of the Starodub Regio. There, she also served the Jewish
farm community. Then she left to work as the agronomist for the Kustobedini
Collective Farm in the Serpuhovski Region. Here she endured the "Cleansing
of the Soviet System" in December, 1929, and remained at her post without
reprimand.
specialized in agricultural techniques. She had dreamed of becoming an
agronomist, working with crops, but in 1926 the school changed its
specialty to animal husbandry. After graduating, Mama worked at various
livestock farms as a laboratory assistant for milk and milk product
analysis: in Peterhof, Pella, Starodub, and at the Leningrad milk testing
station. This work didn't make her happy, but finding work as an agronomist
with her zoo-technology degree was not possible in Leningrad.
In 1929 she began working as an assistant to the agronomist of the Kustov
collective farms of the Starodub Regio. There, she also served the Jewish
farm community. Then she left to work as the agronomist for the Kustobedini
Collective Farm in the Serpuhovski Region. Here she endured the "Cleansing
of the Soviet System" in December, 1929, and remained at her post without
reprimand.
In 1930, my parents married. They had known each other for a long time,
since studying together in Starodub. However, in my mother's words, during
school, "Father didn't notice me." Then they met in the Starodub
Zemlyachestva in Leningrad and in Starodub. These meetings led to the
formation of our family.
since studying together in Starodub. However, in my mother's words, during
school, "Father didn't notice me." Then they met in the Starodub
Zemlyachestva in Leningrad and in Starodub. These meetings led to the
formation of our family.
During the war our whole family was evacuated to Nizhni Tagil, where
Gipromez had a branch. Mother worked for that branch and as a cashier at
the building site.
Gipromez had a branch. Mother worked for that branch and as a cashier at
the building site.
I obtained an understanding of Jewish traditions from my grandfather's
house in the city of Starodub, but I was only a child then and remembered
very little. After they moved from Starodub to Leningrad, my parents became
completely assimilated. I grew up in a non-religious atmosphere. They knew
Yiddish from childhood, but didn't follow Jewish traditions.
house in the city of Starodub, but I was only a child then and remembered
very little. After they moved from Starodub to Leningrad, my parents became
completely assimilated. I grew up in a non-religious atmosphere. They knew
Yiddish from childhood, but didn't follow Jewish traditions.
In the summer of 1941, when the war began, Mama and I were vacationing with
relatives in Klintz. After a telegram from my father, we were evacuated to
the Urals. We lived in Nizhni Tagil, where my parents worked and I went to
school, until 1944.
relatives in Klintz. After a telegram from my father, we were evacuated to
the Urals. We lived in Nizhni Tagil, where my parents worked and I went to
school, until 1944.
When the war began, my father was supposed to be drafted into the army on
July 5th, 1941. He was assigned to the home guard, but on June 11, 1941, by
order of the director of Gipromez, he was sent on a lengthy business trip
to Sverdlovsk in order to carry out important governmental directives. He
was therefore taken out of active duty. At this time an armored rolling
mill was transported from Kolpino, a village near Leningrad, to the Urals.
My father's task was to set up this mill. He worked at a branch of
Gipromeza and built blast furnaces in Nizhni Tagil.
July 5th, 1941. He was assigned to the home guard, but on June 11, 1941, by
order of the director of Gipromez, he was sent on a lengthy business trip
to Sverdlovsk in order to carry out important governmental directives. He
was therefore taken out of active duty. At this time an armored rolling
mill was transported from Kolpino, a village near Leningrad, to the Urals.
My father's task was to set up this mill. He worked at a branch of
Gipromeza and built blast furnaces in Nizhni Tagil.
He
knew Yiddish from childhood and corresponded with his father in that
language, but in Leningrad, Jewish traditions weren't observed.
knew Yiddish from childhood and corresponded with his father in that
language, but in Leningrad, Jewish traditions weren't observed.
Dagmar Lieblova
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In 1972 I moved to the 17th of November University, which was a college for foreign students, also with a translation and interpreting department for Czechoslovak students. The university was soon closed down, however, the department moving to the Arts Faculty.
I have never forgotten that I am Jewish. My children, too, have always known. It has always been taken for granted in our family. My children were not brought up in a Jewish way, because I myself had not actually had such an upbringing, but they are very interested in Jewishness.
The regime change in 1989 [9] was actually to be expected. Although I hadn't been persecuted by the regime, I'm glad that it happened, if only because we are at least free to travel abroad. I didn't come up against any specific case of anti-Semitism towards me after the war.
My first trip to Israel was in 1993 with my husband, and I was back again in 2000 with my daughter.
In 1965 we went to Ghana, as the Mathematics Institute offered Petr a job teaching mathematics at the university there. We stayed for three beautiful years in Africa. I taught German there and, for a while, Russian. Our children did not go to school for the first year, as I taught them at home.
In the meantime, Petr finished his studies and got a job at the Mathematics Institute in Prague. I then had a second daughter, Zuzana, in 1959 and we tried to get an apartment in Prague. In the end, we joined a cooperative and bought a housing society apartment, which we moved into in 1961. In those days I thought that we would never be able to pay for it.
I gave birth to my daughter Rita in my fifth year of studies at the faculty. I then stayed at home and wrote my dissertation. We had little to live on, for all we had was our grant. When my grant finished, which was before my finals, I started looking for a job.