She was impressed by the Soviet propaganda of equal possibilities for men and women and took to men's professions. She worked as a carpenter at a plant in Leningrad and then learned to drive vehicles. At the end of the 1930s she was a driver for the secretary of a district party committee in Leningrad.
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Displaying 10981 - 11010 of 50826 results
evgenia shapiro
In October 1941 the blockade of Leningrad [2] began. Rebecca's husband was recruited to the front. Rebecca got a job with a crew of undertakers. She drove a car picking up corpses and received 50 grams of bread, which was more than the standard ration.
When the 'Road of Life' [3] was opened, Rebecca and her daughters were moved to Siberia.
Her parents survived in the blockade.
She married Isaac Kozinets, a Jew, captain of the North Sea Navy.
She worked as a guide in Leningrad. Now she's retired. Her daughter is an accountant, and her son is a construction engineer.
Rebecca's younger daughter, Elia, finished Russian secondary school and graduated from the Construction Engineering Institute in Leningrad.
She worked as an engineer at design institutes in Leningrad.
They were both buried in the Jewish cemetery in Leningrad. Rebecca, her husband and their children weren't religious and didn't observe any Jewish traditions.
,
After WW2
See text in interview
My great-grandfather on my father's side, Juda Shapiro, was a hay-dealer in Borisov. He purchased hay from farmers traveling around the neighboring villages on his horse-driven cart. He wasn't wealthy. Prices for hay were low. Besides, it was a seasonal job.
My great-grandparents were very religious and celebrated Jewish holidays. They went to the synagogue.
My grandfather on my father's side, Isaac Shapiro, was born in Borisov in 1876. He was deaf and dumb and had no education. He was a tailor. He was a very good tailor, but he didn't have many clients, as it was difficult to communicate with him. He made men's clothes. According to Jewish religious rules a man wasn't supposed to even look at a woman if they weren't acquainted, and so my grandfather never made women's clothes.
He observed all religious traditions and celebrated Sabbath and Jewish holidays, although he wasn't fanatically religious. He didn't wear a hat or have a beard.
Their family was poor. There were two rooms and a small hallway in their house. There were holes in the floor through which mice came into the house in winter. There were two beds, a cupboard and a big table in the rooms. All children slept near the stove. There were no books in the house.
He was a tinsmith.
His family lived in the basement of a house. The dwelling was damp. There was no furniture in their dwelling. Children were born every year. Every afternoon their parents put a bowl of potatoes on the floor that served as a meal for the children. They didn't have many clothes - perhaps one dress or a pair of pants among the three of them.
My great-grandparents had no education and didn't care about giving education to their children.
Their family was religious. They all spoke Yiddish. My great-grandfather went to the synagogue on Saturdays and on holidays and prayed at home on weekdays. They observed traditions and celebrated holidays as best as they could - they were so poor that they could hardly afford any special meals on holidays. They sometimes couldn't even afford candles.
He was a copper worker.
He moved to America in 1910.
My grandmother was born in Borisov in 1890. She could read and write a little.
Her parents forced her into marriage in 1907 when she was 17. They were very poor and so they were keen to see their daughters married off at a young age. They made Nehama marry the first man that agreed to marry her. Her wedding party was small. It was a traditional Jewish wedding with a huppah. They borrowed a gown for the bride and a suit for the bridegroom from their neighbors. My grandfather was 14 years older than my grandmother.
In the 1990s I started research on the Jewish history of Borisov - it wasn't possible to do it earlier, as anything associated with the Jewish way of life was persecuted in the USSR.
There were over 3,000 Jews in Borisov in the 1850s. Jews had lived in Borisov since the 16th century. They were selling bread and timber to Riga transporting it on the Zapadnaya Dvina River. There were seven synagogues in the town in the middle of the 19th century including Hasidic [1] synagogues. At the end of the 19th century there were tailors and weavers and traders of agricultural products in town. Jews owned sawmills and a match factory - the biggest enterprise in Borisov. There was a Jewish school, in which all subjects were taught in Russian. A Jewish hospital was opened at the beginning of the 20th century. There were private trade schools in town. The town was divided into two parts - a Jewish and a Belarus neighborhood, separated by the Berezina River.
He had a very good voice and was a cantor in a synagogue in Borisov. He was very religious. He wore a long jacket and had a beard and payes. He always observed traditions and celebrated Sabbath and holidays.
He owned a haberdashery store. He brought goods for his store from Warsaw and other Polish towns. His family resided in a nice two-storey house. The store was on the first floor and their apartment was on the second floor. There were three rooms, a kitchen and a hallway. They were nicely furnished. There was a table and a cupboard in the living room and comfortable beds in the bedroom. There were many religious and non- religious books in Yiddish in their home that my grandfather used to bring from Warsaw.
They spoke Yiddish in the family, but all of them could understand and speak Belarus. My grandfather also spoke Polish and Hebrew.
They kept a cow and had a housemaid to take care of the cow. She also cooked and looked after the children.
She was a cashier in the store. She didn't spend all her time there - she went upstairs to do things around the house from time to time. When a client came he would call her through a window. My grandfather spent most of his time on business trips.
When he was at home he used to read the Torah and other books and spent time with the children. He went to the synagogue on Saturdays.
Their family wasn't fanatically religious. They didn't consider religion to be the most significant part of their life. They read many religious and fictional books and tried to give their children professional education rather than a religious one. They observed all Jewish traditions, but it was more a tribute to history than their conviction. They went to the synagogue on Saturdays and on holidays, as a tribute to traditions and a possibility to see their friends and acquaintances.
Their family wasn't fanatically religious. They didn't consider religion to be the most significant part of their life. They read many religious and fictional books and tried to give their children professional education rather than a religious one. They observed all Jewish traditions, but it was more a tribute to history than their conviction. They went to the synagogue on Saturdays and on holidays, as a tribute to traditions and a possibility to see their friends and acquaintances.